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Sock maker near Braga, Portugal, producing about 3.5 million pairs a year in organic cotton and merino for department stores, chains and brands such as Asket.

Fair trade nonprofit in Lalitpur, Nepal whose 2,300+ home-based women hand-knit sweaters, hats, socks, gloves and scarves in wool, cotton, nettle and silk to buyers' and own designs.

Norwegian wool brand making merino wool base layers, thermal underwear, fleece-wool layers and beanies, using New Zealand merino knitted in its own Estonian facility.

Mount Airy, North Carolina wool sock mill that knits merino socks for private-label clients such as REI and L.L.Bean, makes licensed lines, and owns Farm to Feet; some programs use synthetic yarns.