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Sock maker near Braga, Portugal, producing about 3.5 million pairs a year in organic cotton and merino for department stores, chains and brands such as Asket.

Fair trade nonprofit in Lalitpur, Nepal whose 2,300+ home-based women hand-knit sweaters, hats, socks, gloves and scarves in wool, cotton, nettle and silk to buyers' and own designs.

London womenswear label known for signature silk collections, making resortwear, sleepwear and staples in silk, linen and wool.

Mount Airy, North Carolina wool sock mill that knits merino socks for private-label clients such as REI and L.L.Bean, makes licensed lines, and owns Farm to Feet; some programs use synthetic yarns.